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Monuments

Pyramids, temples and sanctuaries, ordered by the date they were begun.

Map of the monuments of ancient EgyptMemphisThebesAbydosAmarnaHierakonpolisElephantineAvaris / Pi-RamessesTanisSaisBubastisMendesSebennytosHerakleopolisItjtawyBuhenSemnaKV34 · Thutmose IIIKV43 · Thutmose IVKV62 · TutankhamunKV17 · Seti IKV7 · Ramesses IIQV66 · Queen NefertariStep Pyramid of DjoserGiza PlateauGreat Pyramid of GizaGreat Sphinx of GizaKarnak Temple ComplexMortuary Temple of HatshepsutAbu Simbel TemplesMedinet Habu
Coastline and Nile: Natural Earth 1:10m (public domain). Modern features such as Lake Nasser are omitted. Site positions are approximate.
The six-stepped pyramid of Djoser at Saqqara in morning light, surrounded by the low remains of its enclosure wall.

pyramid

Step Pyramid of Djoser

Saqqara, Memphite necropolis · c. 2650 BCE

Rising in six stages to about 62 metres, the Step Pyramid began as a square mastaba tomb and was enlarged several times until it became a stairway to the sky.

Aerial reconstruction of the Giza plateau today, with the pyramids of Menkaure, Khafre and Khufu and the queens' pyramids, and the Sphinx and valley temple in the foreground.

necropolis

Giza Plateau

West bank of the Nile, Giza · c. 2589 BCE

On a limestone ridge above the Nile floodplain, three kings of the 4th Dynasty built the most famous monuments of ancient Egypt. In about three generations, Khufu, Khafre and…

The three pyramids of Giza at golden hour seen from the south-west desert, Menkaure in front, Khafre in the centre and Khufu behind.

pyramid

Great Pyramid of Giza

Giza Plateau · c. 2570 BCE

For more than 3,700 years the Great Pyramid was the tallest human-made structure in the world. It was built for Khufu, second king of the 4th Dynasty, during his reign (c.…

Simplified 3D massing model of the Great Sphinx lying on the plateau, with the pyramid of Menkaure and its queens' pyramids in the distance.

sphinx

Great Sphinx of Giza

Giza Plateau · c. 2500 BCE

The Great Sphinx is among the oldest known monumental sculptures in Egypt: a recumbent lion with the head of a king, about 73 m long and 20 m high, carved from the limestone of…

temple

Karnak Temple Complex

Luxor (ancient Thebes), east bank · c. 1971 BCE

Karnak was the religious heart of the New Kingdom, the "most select of places" where Amun-Ra was worshipped. Almost every pharaoh from the Middle Kingdom to the Ptolemies added a…

mortuary temple

Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut

Deir el-Bahari, western Thebes · c. 1470 BCE

Designed, according to tradition, by the official Senenmut, the temple rises in three colonnaded terraces set against a sheer limestone cliff, next to the older temple of…

rock-cut temple

Abu Simbel Temples

Abu Simbel, Nubia · c. 1264 BCE

Four seated colossi of Ramesses II, each about 20 metres high, guard the entrance of the Great Temple. A smaller temple beside it is dedicated to Hathor and to Queen Nefertari.

mortuary temple

Medinet Habu

Western Thebes · c. 1175 BCE

The best-preserved mortuary temple in Thebes, Medinet Habu was surrounded by massive mud-brick walls and entered through a fortified gate modelled on a Syrian fortress.